Fatality Facts 2023State by state

Overview

The number and types of motor vehicle crash deaths differ widely among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. A state’s population has an obvious effect on the number of motor vehicle deaths. Fatality rates per capita and per vehicle miles traveled provide a way of examining motor vehicle deaths relative to the population and amount of driving. However, many factors can affect these rates, including types of vehicles driven, travel speeds, rates of licensure, state traffic laws, emergency care capabilities, weather and topography.

The following facts are based on analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System.

Posted July 2025.

Fatal crash totals

There were 40,901 deaths from motor vehicle crashes in the United States in 2023. This corresponds to 12.2 deaths per 100,000 people and 1.26 deaths per 100 million miles traveled. The fatality rate per 100,000 people ranged from 4.9 in Massachusetts to 24.9 in Mississippi. The death rate per 100 million miles traveled ranged from 0.56 in Massachusetts to 1.79 in Mississippi (Federal Highway Administration, 2025).

Population, fatal motor vehicle crashes, motor vehicle crash deaths and motor vehicle crash death rates per state, 2023
State Population Vehicle miles traveled (millions) Deaths Deaths per 100,000 population Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled
Alabama 5,108,468 72,289 974 19.1 1.35
Alaska 733,406 5,617 60 8.2 1.07
Arizona 7,431,344 75,297 1,304 17.5 1.73
Arkansas 3,067,732 39,101 596 19.4 1.52
California 38,965,193 316,612 4,061 10.4 1.28
Colorado 5,877,610 54,654 720 12.2 1.32
Connecticut 3,617,176 30,503 308 8.5 1.01
Delaware 1,031,890 9,718 135 13.1 1.39
District of Columbia 678,972 3,481 44 6.5 1.26
Florida 22,610,726 239,188 3,396 15.0 1.42
Georgia 11,029,227 126,339 1,615 14.6 1.28
Hawaii 1,435,138 10,435 93 6.5 0.89
Idaho 1,964,726 19,718 275 14.0 1.39
Illinois 12,549,689 102,871 1,241 9.9 1.21
Indiana 6,862,199 85,209 898 13.1 1.05
Iowa 3,207,004 33,254 377 11.8 1.13
Kansas 2,940,546 31,828 387 13.2 1.22
Kentucky 4,526,154 48,993 814 18.0 1.66
Louisiana 4,573,749 55,560 811 17.7 1.46
Maine 1,395,722 14,888 135 9.7 0.91
Maryland 6,180,253 57,356 621 10.0 1.08
Massachusetts 7,001,399 60,748 343 4.9 0.56
Michigan 10,037,261 98,289 1,094 10.9 1.11
Minnesota 5,737,915 58,046 409 7.1 0.70
Mississippi 2,939,690 40,944 732 24.9 1.79
Missouri 6,196,156 80,825 991 16.0 1.23
Montana 1,132,812 13,700 208 18.4 1.52
Nebraska 1,978,379 21,275 227 11.5 1.07
Nevada 3,194,176 27,777 389 12.2 1.40
New Hampshire 1,402,054 13,515 130 9.3 0.96
New Jersey 9,290,841 78,007 606 6.5 0.78
New Mexico 2,114,371 28,169 437 20.7 1.55
New York 19,571,216 120,067 1,114 5.7 0.93
North Carolina 10,835,491 122,258 1,561 14.4 1.28
North Dakota 783,926 9,896 106 13.5 1.07
Ohio 11,785,935 113,224 1,242 10.5 1.10
Oklahoma 4,053,824 45,760 718 17.7 1.57
Oregon 4,233,358 36,816 587 13.9 1.59
Pennsylvania 12,961,683 100,126 1,211 9.3 1.21
Rhode Island 1,095,962 7,564 71 6.5 0.94
South Carolina 5,373,555 60,794 1,047 19.5 1.72
South Dakota 919,318 10,345 140 15.2 1.35
Tennessee 7,126,489 83,405 1,323 18.6 1.59
Texas 30,503,301 300,338 4,291 14.1 1.43
Utah 3,417,734 34,584 280 8.2 0.81
Vermont 647,464 7,172 69 10.7 0.96
Virginia 8,715,698 87,730 913 10.5 1.04
Washington 7,812,880 59,804 810 10.4 1.35
West Virginia 1,770,071 15,962 260 14.7 1.63
Wisconsin 5,910,955 67,248 583 9.9 0.87
Wyoming 584,057 9,519 144 24.7 1.51
U.S. total 334,914,895 3,246,818 40,901 12.2 1.26

Deaths by road user

In 2023, the types of motor vehicle crash deaths varied across states. For example, Montana had the highest percentage of SUV and pickup occupant deaths (50%). Mississippi had the highest percentage of car occupant deaths (42%). Hawaii reported relatively low proportions of deaths in all motor vehicles, but a high percentage of pedestrian (24%) and motorcyclist deaths (29%), and the highest percentage of bicyclists deaths (9%). The District of Columbia had the highest percentage of pedestrian deaths (32%).

Motor vehicle crash deaths by road user type and state, 2023
State Car occupants Pickup and SUV occupants Large truck occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Total*
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Alabama 351 36 343 35 23 2 94 10 124 13 10 1 974 100
Alaska 18 30 19 32 0 0 8 13 12 20 0 0 60 100
Arizona 329 25 265 20 22 2 257 20 271 21 43 3 1,304 100
Arkansas 172 29 189 32 27 5 94 16 74 12 11 2 596 100
California 1,343 33 752 19 18 0 583 14 1,106 27 145 4 4,061 100
Colorado 196 27 208 29 17 2 135 19 125 17 20 3 720 100
Connecticut 104 34 84 27 6 2 59 19 47 15 4 1 308 100
Delaware 49 36 36 27 1 1 14 10 27 20 5 4 135 100
District of Columbia 17 39 4 9 0 0 6 14 14 32 3 7 44 100
Florida 879 26 700 21 39 1 667 20 771 23 230 7 3,396 100
Georgia 508 31 488 30 25 2 196 12 310 19 23 1 1,615 100
Hawaii 15 16 19 20 0 0 27 29 22 24 8 9 93 100
Idaho 80 29 96 35 13 5 39 14 31 11 7 3 275 100
Illinois 419 34 341 27 22 2 172 14 199 16 41 3 1,241 100
Indiana 313 35 245 27 24 3 145 16 96 11 31 3 898 100
Iowa 108 29 131 35 13 3 62 16 29 8 5 1 377 100
Kansas 141 36 131 34 14 4 42 11 38 10 6 2 387 100
Kentucky 252 31 269 33 13 2 106 13 121 15 16 2 814 100
Louisiana 239 29 250 31 9 1 97 12 145 18 35 4 811 100
Maine 51 38 45 33 1 1 16 12 19 14 0 0 135 100
Maryland 213 34 126 20 7 1 89 14 160 26 15 2 621 100
Massachusetts 112 33 89 26 1 0 60 17 67 20 8 2 343 100
Michigan 319 29 340 31 9 1 180 16 175 16 23 2 1,094 100
Minnesota 146 36 118 29 11 3 69 17 42 10 6 1 409 100
Mississippi 304 42 218 30 22 3 58 8 86 12 13 2 732 100
Missouri 327 33 280 28 18 2 176 18 127 13 10 1 991 100
Montana 43 21 103 50 3 1 29 14 20 10 1 0 208 100
Nebraska 80 35 91 40 5 2 22 10 13 6 6 3 227 100
Nevada 104 27 87 22 4 1 69 18 106 27 14 4 389 100
New Hampshire 27 21 42 32 0 0 41 32 15 12 1 1 130 100
New Jersey 190 31 109 18 7 1 90 15 165 27 27 4 606 100
New Mexico 98 22 135 31 25 6 55 13 105 24 12 3 437 100
New York 274 25 233 21 11 1 201 18 289 26 48 4 1,114 100
North Carolina 589 38 411 26 19 1 223 14 229 15 45 3 1,561 100
North Dakota 24 23 47 44 4 4 16 15 10 9 0 0 106 100
Ohio 440 35 332 27 12 1 239 19 145 12 22 2 1,242 100
Oklahoma 210 29 256 36 21 3 103 14 87 12 15 2 718 100
Oregon 191 33 171 29 10 2 70 12 101 17 17 3 587 100
Pennsylvania 379 31 299 25 20 2 240 20 185 15 29 2 1,211 100
Rhode Island 28 39 11 15 0 0 16 23 11 15 2 3 71 100
South Carolina 373 36 273 26 15 1 151 14 187 18 25 2 1,047 100
South Dakota 35 25 49 35 4 3 29 21 15 11 0 0 140 100
Tennessee 490 37 368 28 24 2 203 15 186 14 11 1 1,323 100
Texas 1,226 29 1,341 31 107 2 598 14 800 19 105 2 4,291 100
Utah 86 31 78 28 12 4 42 15 38 14 9 3 280 100
Vermont 19 28 21 30 1 1 18 26 5 7 1 1 69 100
Virginia 326 36 275 30 20 2 130 14 129 14 15 2 913 100
Washington 283 35 186 23 4 0 143 18 150 19 18 2 810 100
West Virginia 90 35 89 34 9 3 38 15 15 6 4 2 260 100
Wisconsin 213 37 164 28 7 1 103 18 59 10 8 1 583 100
Wyoming 34 24 62 43 10 7 15 10 11 8 2 1 144 100
U.S. total 12,857 31 11,019 27 709 2 6,335 15 7,314 18 1,155 3 40,901 100
*Total includes other and/or unknowns

Crash types

Nationwide, 52% of motor vehicle crash deaths in 2023 occurred in single-vehicle crashes. Hawaii had the highest percentage of deaths in single-vehicle crashes (71%), while Utah had the highest percentage of deaths in multiple-vehicle crashes (54%).

Deaths by crash type and state, 2023
State Single-vehicle Multiple-vehicle All crashes
Number % Number % Number %
Alabama 516 53 458 47 974 100
Alaska 30 50 30 50 60 100
Arizona 613 47 691 53 1,304 100
Arkansas 318 53 278 47 596 100
California 2,260 56 1,801 44 4,061 100
Colorado 400 56 320 44 720 100
Connecticut 159 52 149 48 308 100
Delaware 71 53 64 47 135 100
District of Columbia 26 59 18 41 44 100
Florida 1,728 51 1,668 49 3,396 100
Georgia 870 54 745 46 1,615 100
Hawaii 66 71 27 29 93 100
Idaho 148 54 127 46 275 100
Illinois 600 48 641 52 1,241 100
Indiana 463 52 435 48 898 100
Iowa 182 48 195 52 377 100
Kansas 200 52 187 48 387 100
Kentucky 446 55 368 45 814 100
Louisiana 437 54 374 46 811 100
Maine 90 67 45 33 135 100
Maryland 320 52 301 48 621 100
Massachusetts 206 60 137 40 343 100
Michigan 532 49 562 51 1,094 100
Minnesota 193 47 216 53 409 100
Mississippi 421 58 311 42 732 100
Missouri 516 52 475 48 991 100
Montana 132 63 76 37 208 100
Nebraska 112 49 115 51 227 100
Nevada 203 52 186 48 389 100
New Hampshire 65 50 65 50 130 100
New Jersey 338 56 268 44 606 100
New Mexico 243 56 194 44 437 100
New York 635 57 479 43 1,114 100
North Carolina 799 51 762 49 1,561 100
North Dakota 51 48 55 52 106 100
Ohio 602 48 640 52 1,242 100
Oklahoma 347 48 371 52 718 100
Oregon 315 54 272 46 587 100
Pennsylvania 634 52 577 48 1,211 100
Rhode Island 46 65 25 35 71 100
South Carolina 568 54 479 46 1,047 100
South Dakota 76 54 64 46 140 100
Tennessee 658 50 665 50 1,323 100
Texas 2,089 49 2,202 51 4,291 100
Utah 129 46 151 54 280 100
Vermont 37 54 32 46 69 100
Virginia 527 58 386 42 913 100
Washington 455 56 355 44 810 100
West Virginia 132 51 128 49 260 100
Wisconsin 292 50 291 50 583 100
Wyoming 77 53 67 47 144 100
U.S. total 21,373 52 19,528 48 40,901 100

Alcohol involvement

Some states report blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for only a small percentage of passenger vehicle drivers. If BAC is missing for a driver, it is estimated by the U.S. Department of Transportation's multiple imputation model (Subramanian, 2002). However, BAC information is most precise in states that include it in a large percentage of their crash reports. In the following table, numbers for states with BAC reporting for fatally injured drivers that was 70% or under appear in parentheses as they may be unreliable due to the low reporting. Estimated percentages are based on known BAC when available and imputed BAC for the remaining drivers.

Nationally in 2023, BAC was reported for 58% of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers. Reporting rates varied substantially, from a high of 93% (Massachusetts) to a low of 6% (Mississippi). Twenty-five states had BAC reporting rates of at least 70%. Among these states, Hawaii had the highest estimated percentage of fatally injured drivers with BACs of 0.08% or higher (51%), while West Virginia had the lowest (17%). 

Estimated number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BAC ≥ 0.08% by state, 2023
State Total drivers killed Drivers killed with known BAC results Estimated drivers killed with BACs ≥ 0.08
Number Number % Number %
Alabama 554 337 61 (157) (28)
Alaska 24 22 92 7 29
Arizona 415 177 43 (132) (32)
Arkansas 272 209 77 85 31
California 1,534 651 42 (589) (38)
Colorado 296 252 85 102 35
Connecticut 144 125 87 54 38
Delaware 66 56 85 22 33
District of Columbia 13 8 62 (5) (40)
Florida 1,202 488 41 (325) (27)
Georgia 781 326 42 (200) (26)
Hawaii 31 25 81 16 51
Idaho 122 79 65 (25) (20)
Illinois 599 375 63 (196) (33)
Indiana 434 242 56 (131) (30)
Iowa 184 106 58 (62) (34)
Kansas 217 101 47 (60) (28)
Kentucky 412 313 76 91 22
Louisiana 383 320 84 128 33
Maine 73 55 75 21 28
Maryland 253 203 80 73 29
Massachusetts 165 154 93 54 33
Michigan 514 183 36 (127) (25)
Minnesota 200 131 66 (43) (21)
Mississippi 408 25 6 (74) (18)
Missouri 479 372 78 148 31
Montana 114 104 91 47 41
Nebraska 132 89 67 (40) (30)
Nevada 141 83 59 (48) (34)
New Hampshire 56 47 84 17 31
New Jersey 222 180 81 58 26
New Mexico 172 106 62 (59) (34)
New York 384 195 51 (119) (31)
North Carolina 804 322 40 (215) (27)
North Dakota 55 48 87 16 30
Ohio 625 534 85 197 32
Oklahoma 359 301 84 87 24
Oregon 284 239 84 100 35
Pennsylvania 550 335 61 (140) (25)
Rhode Island 34 27 79 10 31
South Carolina 519 383 74 208 40
South Dakota 61 33 54 (19) (31)
Tennessee 656 395 60 (180) (28)
Texas 1,932 1,008 52 (716) (37)
Utah 122 104 85 29 24
Vermont 33 23 70 (11) (34)
Virginia 485 377 78 138 28
Washington 311 239 77 125 40
West Virginia 134 114 85 22 17
Wisconsin 284 32 11 (76) (27)
Wyoming 71 47 66 (17) (24)
U.S. total 18,315 10,700 58 5,624 31
Note. Values in parentheses are from states with less than 70% reporting of results, and these estimates of the percent of fatally injured drivers with BACs ≥ 0.08% may be unreliable.

Restraint use

Based on daytime observational surveys, the nationwide rate of seat belt use among front seat passenger vehicle occupants in 2023 was 92%. Hawaii had the highest observed seat belt use for front seat occupants, at 98%, while Virginia had the lowest, at 73% (National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 2024).

Rates of restraint use among fatally injured motor vehicle occupants will be lower than the overall observed restraint use rate because unrestrained occupants are more likely than restrained ones to be fatally injured in a crash. Restrained fatally injured occupants include occupants in child safety seats and occupants restrained by seat belts. In 2023, 45% of fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants were restrained. Minnesota had the highest restraint use percentage among fatally injured occupants at 57%. The District of Columbia had the lowest restraint use among fatally injured occupants at just 10%.

Rates of observed daytime front-seat belt use and number and percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants by restraint use and state, 2023
State and percent of observed seat belt use Restrained fatally injured occupants Unrestrained fatally injured occupants Unknown restraint status of fatally injured occupants Total fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants
Number % Number % Number % Number
Alabama 93 262 37 383 54 59 8 704
Alaska 95 14 38 15 41 8 22 37
Arizona 88 259 43 260 43 87 14 606
Arkansas 80 161 44 162 44 43 12 366
California 96 1,114 53 783 37 223 11 2,120
Colorado 89 174 43 213 52 21 5 408
Connecticut 94 63 34 71 38 54 29 188
Delaware 94 42 49 32 38 11 13 85
District of Columbia 95 2 10 13 62 6 29 21
Florida 89 847 53 712 44 41 3 1,600
Georgia 88 421 42 468 46 121 12 1,010
Hawaii 98 17 49 16 46 2 6 35
Idaho 88 77 43 86 48 18 10 181
Illinois 93 306 40 260 34 206 27 772
Indiana 93 231 40 223 39 122 21 576
Iowa 97 107 43 110 44 31 12 248
Kansas 85 123 44 132 47 24 9 279
Kentucky 89 262 50 262 50 0 0 524
Louisiana 86 176 36 272 55 47 9 495
Maine 94 31 32 64 67 1 1 96
Maryland 92 162 48 129 38 48 14 339
Massachusetts 80 82 40 96 47 25 12 203
Michigan 92 342 51 217 32 114 17 673
Minnesota 94 151 57 80 30 36 13 267
Mississippi 82 222 42 220 42 88 17 530
Missouri 87 209 34 357 57 56 9 622
Montana 81 52 36 85 58 9 6 146
Nebraska 77 46 26 100 57 30 17 176
Nevada 94 100 51 63 32 32 16 195
New Hampshire 78 19 27 42 59 10 14 71
New Jersey 93 150 49 119 39 38 12 307
New Mexico 92 88 37 112 47 36 15 236
New York 94 288 55 191 36 49 9 528
North Carolina 92 513 50 479 47 27 3 1,019
North Dakota 78 23 32 34 47 15 21 72
Ohio 85 317 41 353 45 110 14 780
Oklahoma 81 215 46 208 44 47 10 470
Oregon 97 203 55 114 31 50 14 367
Pennsylvania 88 279 40 318 46 96 14 693
Rhode Island 89 14 34 21 51 6 15 41
South Carolina 93 283 43 342 52 33 5 658
South Dakota 91 25 30 51 61 8 10 84
Tennessee 92 404 47 348 40 111 13 863
Texas 91 1,173 45 1,141 44 286 11 2,600
Utah 92 84 50 68 41 15 9 167
Vermont 90 13 31 25 60 4 10 42
Virginia 73 256 42 345 57 3 <1 604
Washington 93 207 44 175 37 91 19 473
West Virginia 93 78 43 72 40 30 17 180
Wisconsin 92 167 44 141 37 74 19 382
Wyoming 82 42 42 52 53 5 5 99
U.S. total 92 10,896 45 10,635 44 2,707 11 24,238

Rural versus urban

Nationwide, 41% of motor vehicle crash deaths in 2023 occurred in rural areas. The states with the highest percentage of crash deaths on rural roads were Vermont (87%), North Dakota (85%), South Dakota (81%), and Maine (80%). The states with the lowest percentage were Massachusetts (4%), Maryland (6%), Hawaii (8%), and New Jersey (9%). The District of Columbia had zero crash deaths in rural areas because its entirety is coded as an urban area.

Number and percent of motor vehicle crash deaths by land use and state, 2023
State Urban Rural Unknown Total
Number % Number % Number % Number
Alabama 390 40 581 60 3 <1 974
Alaska 23 38 37 62 0 0 60
Arizona 899 69 365 28 40 3 1,304
Arkansas 222 37 374 63 0 0 596
California 3,008 74 1,042 26 11 <1 4,061
Colorado 454 63 264 37 2 <1 720
Connecticut 267 87 40 13 1 <1 308
Delaware 84 62 49 36 2 1 135
District of Columbia 44 100 0 0 0 0 44
Florida 2,547 75 717 21 132 4 3,396
Georgia 1,056 65 559 35 0 0 1,615
Hawaii 85 91 7 8 1 1 93
Idaho 81 29 194 71 0 0 275
Illinois 817 66 423 34 1 <1 1,241
Indiana 382 43 516 57 0 0 898
Iowa 111 29 266 71 0 0 377
Kansas 149 39 237 61 1 <1 387
Kentucky 318 39 495 61 1 <1 814
Louisiana 413 51 364 45 34 4 811
Maine 27 20 108 80 0 0 135
Maryland 577 93 37 6 7 1 621
Massachusetts 328 96 15 4 0 0 343
Michigan 657 60 427 39 10 1 1,094
Minnesota 176 43 231 56 2 <1 409
Mississippi 240 33 483 66 9 1 732
Missouri 487 49 497 50 7 1 991
Montana 41 20 164 79 3 1 208
Nebraska 65 29 161 71 1 <1 227
Nevada 283 73 101 26 5 1 389
New Hampshire 64 49 66 51 0 0 130
New Jersey 544 90 53 9 9 1 606
New Mexico 208 48 229 52 0 0 437
New York 819 74 294 26 1 <1 1,114
North Carolina 564 36 997 64 0 0 1,561
North Dakota 16 15 90 85 0 0 106
Ohio 762 61 477 38 3 <1 1,242
Oklahoma 318 44 394 55 6 1 718
Oregon 276 47 311 53 0 0 587
Pennsylvania 685 57 524 43 2 <1 1,211
Rhode Island 60 85 10 14 1 1 71
South Carolina 491 47 556 53 0 0 1,047
South Dakota 26 19 114 81 0 0 140
Tennessee 818 62 504 38 1 <1 1,323
Texas 2,597 61 1,688 39 6 <1 4,291
Utah 167 60 113 40 0 0 280
Vermont 8 12 60 87 1 1 69
Virginia 432 47 471 52 10 1 913
Washington 478 59 321 40 11 1 810
West Virginia 92 35 168 65 0 0 260
Wisconsin 229 39 354 61 0 0 583
Wyoming 36 25 108 75 0 0 144
U.S. total 23,921 58 16,656 41 324 1 40,901